Documentation for method parent assembled from the following types:

class X::Inheritance::Unsupported

From X::Inheritance::Unsupported

(X::Inheritance::Unsupported) method parent

The type object that the child tried to inherit from.

class IO::Path

From IO::Path

(IO::Path) method parent

Defined as:

multi method parent(IO::Path:D:)
multi method parent(IO::Path:D: UInt:D $level)

Returns the parent path of the invocant. Note that no actual filesystem access is made, so the returned parent is physical and not the logical parent of symlinked directories.

'/etc/foo'.IO.parent.say; # OUTPUT: «"/etc".IO␤»
'/etc/..' .IO.parent.say; # OUTPUT: «"/etc".IO␤»
'/etc/../'.IO.parent.say; # OUTPUT: «"/etc".IO␤»
'./'      .IO.parent.say; # OUTPUT: «"..".IO␤»
'foo'     .IO.parent.say; # OUTPUT: «".".IO␤»
'/'       .IO.parent.say; # OUTPUT: «"/".IO␤»
IO::Path::Win32.new('C:/').parent.say; # OUTPUT: «"C:/".IO␤»

If $level is specified, the call is equivalent to calling .parent() $level times:

say "/etc/foo".IO.parent(2) eqv "/etc/foo".IO.parent.parent; # OUTPUT: «True␤»